Владимир Даль: Толковый словарь


Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ	Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ	Проект выполнен при поддержке РГНФ	Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»

Введите словоформу для поиска в текстах словарных статей Толкового словаря:

Выберите букву, с которой начинается слоформа:
А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И I К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ѣ Э Ю Я Ѳ Ѵ

Заголовок словарной статьи
Карточки
Конкордансы
Словарные статьи

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[11541-11550] [11551-11560] [11561-11570] [11571-11580] [11581-11590] [11591-11600] [11601-11610] [11611-11620] [11621-11630] [11631-11640] [11641-11650] [11651-11660] [11661-11670] [11671-11680] [11681-11690] [11691-11700] [11701-11710] [11711-11720] [11721-11730] [11731-11740] [11741-11750] [11751-11760] [11761-11770] [11771-11780] [11781-11790] [11791-11800] [11801-11810] [11811-11820] [11821-11830] [11831-11840] [11841-11850] [11851-11860] [11861-11870] [11871-11880] [11881-11890] [11891-11900] [11901-11910] [11911-11920] [11921-11930] [11931-11940] [11941-11950] [11951-11960] [11961-11970] [11971-11980] [11981-11990] [11991-12000] [12001-12010] [12011-12020] [12021-12030] [12031-12040] [12041-12050] [12051-12060] [12061-12070] [12071-12080] [12081-12090] [12091-12100] [12101-12110] [12111-12120] [12121-12130] [12131-12140] [12141-12150] [12151-12160] [12161-12170] [12171-12180] [12181-12190] [12191-12200] [12201-12210] [12211-12220] [12221-12230] [12231-12240] [12241-12250] [12251-12260] [12261-12270] [12271-12280] [12281-12290] [12291-12300] [12301-12310] [12311-12320] [12321-12330] [12331-12340] [12341-12350] [12351-12360] [12361-12370] [12371-12380] [12381-12390] [12391-12400] [12401-12410] [12411-12420] [12421-12430] [12431-12440] [12441-12450] [12451-12460] [12461-12470] [12471-12480] [12481-12490] [12491-12500] [12501-12510] [12511-12520] [12521-12530] [12531-12540] [12541-12550] [12551-12560] [12561-12570] [12571-12580] [12581-12590] [12591-12600] [12601-12610] [12611-12620] [12621-12630] [12631-12640] [12641-12650] [12651-12660] [12661-12670] [12671-12680] [12681-12690] [12691-12700] [12701-12710] [12711-12720] [12721-12730] [12731-12740] [12741-12750] [12751-12760] [12761-12770] [12771-12780] [12781-12790] [12791-12800] [12801-12810] [12811-12820] [12821-12830] [12831-12840] [12841-12850] [12851-12860] [12861-12870] [12871-12880] [12881-12890] [12891-12900] [12901-12910] [12911-12920] [12921-12930] [12931-12940] [12941-12950] [12951-12960] 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[13671-13680] [13681-13690] [13691-13700] [13701-13710] [13711-13720] [13721-13730] [13731-13740] [13741-13750] [13751-13760] [13761-13770] [13771-13780] [13781-13790] [13791-13800] [13801-13810] [13811-13820] [13821-13830] [13831-13840] [13841-13850] [13851-13860] [13861-13870] [13871-13880] [13881-13890] [13891-13900] [13901-13910] [13911-13920] [13921-13930] [13931-13940] [13941-13950] [13951-13960] [13961-13970] [13971-13980] [13981-13990] [13991-14000] [14001-14010] [14011-14020] [14021-14030] [14031-14040] [14041-14050] [14051-14060] [14061-14070] [14071-14080] [14081-14090] [14091-14100] [14101-14110] [14111-14120] [14121-14130] [14131-14140] [14141-14150] [14151-14160] [14161-14170] [14171-14180] [14181-14190] [14191-14200] [14201-14210] [14211-14220] [14221-14230] [14231-14240] [14241-14250] [14251-14260] [14261-14270] [14271-14280] [14281-14290] [14291-14300] [14301-14310] [14311-14320] [14321-14330] [14331-14340] [14341-14350] [14351-14360] [14361-14370] [14371-14380] [14381-14390] [14391-14400] [14401-14410] [14411-14420] [14421-14430] [14431-14440] [14441-14450] [14451-14460] [14461-14470] [14471-14480] [14481-14490] [14491-14500] [14501-14510] [14511-14520] [14521-14530] [14531-14540] [14541-14550] [14551-14560] [14561-14570] [14571-14580] [14581-14590] [14591-14600] [14601-14610] [14611-14620] [14621-14630] [14631-14640] [14641-14650] [14651-14660] [14661-14670] [14671-14680] [14681-14690] [14691-14700] [14701-14710] [14711-14720] [14721-14730] [14731-14740] [14741-14750] [14751-14760] [14761-14770] [14771-14780] [14781-14790] [14791-14800] [14801-14810] [14811-14820] [14821-14830] [14831-14840] [14841-14850] [14851-14860] [14861-14870] [14871-14880] [14881-14890] [14891-14900] [14901-14910] [14911-14920] [14921-14930] [14931-14940] [14941-14950] [14951-14960] [14961-14970] [14971-14980] [14981-14990] [14991-15000] [15001-15010] [15011-15020] [15021-15030] [15031-15040] [15041-15050] [15051-15060] [15061-15070] [15071-15080] [15081-15090] 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[15801-15810] [15811-15820] [15821-15830] [15831-15840] [15841-15850] [15851-15860] [15861-15870] [15871-15880] [15881-15890] [15891-15900] [15901-15910] [15911-15920] [15921-15930] [15931-15940] [15941-15950] [15951-15960] [15961-15970] [15971-15980] [15981-15990] [15991-16000] [16001-16010] [16011-16020] [16021-16030] [16031-16040] [16041-16050] [16051-16060] [16061-16070] [16071-16080] [16081-16090] [16091-16100] [16101-16110] [16111-16120] [16121-16130] [16131-16140] [16141-16150] [16151-16160] [16161-16170] [16171-16180] [16181-16190] [16191-16200] [16201-16210] [16211-16220] [16221-16230] [16231-16240] [16241-16250] [16251-16260] [16261-16270] [16271-16280] [16281-16290] [16291-16300] [16301-16310] [16311-16320] [16321-16330] [16331-16340] [16341-16350] [16351-16360] [16361-16370] [16371-16380] [16381-16390] [16391-16400] [16401-16410] [16411-16420] [16421-16430] [16431-16440] [16441-16450] [16451-16460] [16461-16470] [16471-16480] [16481-16490] [16491-16500] [16501-16510] 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[17221-17230] [17231-17240] [17241-17250] [17251-17260] [17261-17270] [17271-17280] [17281-17290] [17291-17300] [17301-17310] [17311-17320] [17321-17330] [17331-17340] [17341-17350] [17351-17360] [17361-17370] [17371-17380] [17381-17390] [17391-17400] [17401-17410] [17411-17420] [17421-17430] [17431-17440] [17441-17450] [17451-17460] [17461-17470] [17471-17480] [17481-17490] [17491-17500] [17501-17510] [17511-17520] [17521-17530] [17531-17540] [17541-17550] [17551-17560] [17561-17570] [17571-17580] [17581-17590] [17591-17600] [17601-17610] [17611-17620] [17621-17630] [17631-17640] [17641-17650] [17651-17660] [17661-17670] [17671-17680] [17681-17690] [17691-17700] [17701-17710] [17711-17720] [17721-17730] [17731-17740] [17741-17750] [17751-17760] [17761-17770] [17771-17780] [17781-17790] [17791-17800] [17801-17810] [17811-17820] [17821-17830] [17831-17840] [17841-17850] [17851-17860] [17861-17870] [17871-17880] [17881-17890] [17891-17900] [17901-17910] [17911-17920] [17921-17930] [17931-17940] [17941-17950] [17951-17960] [17961-17970] [17971-17980] [17981-17990] [17991-18000] [18001-18010] [18011-18020] [18021-18030] [18031-18040] [18041-18050] [18051-18060] [18061-18070] [18071-18080] [18081-18090] [18091-18100] [18101-18110] [18111-18120] [18121-18130] [18131-18140] [18141-18150] [18151-18160] [18161-18170] [18171-18180] [18181-18190] [18191-18200] [18201-18210] [18211-18220] [18221-18230] [18231-18240] [18241-18250] [18251-18260] [18261-18270] [18271-18280] [18281-18290] [18291-18300] [18301-18310] [18311-18320] [18321-18330] [18331-18340] [18341-18350] [18351-18360] [18361-18370] [18371-18380] [18381-18390] [18391-18400] [18401-18410] [18411-18420] [18421-18430] [18431-18440] [18441-18450] [18451-18460] [18461-18470] [18471-18480] [18481-18490] [18491-18500] [18501-18510] [18511-18520] [18521-18530] [18531-18540] [18541-18550] [18551-18560] [18561-18570] [18571-18580] [18581-18590] [18591-18600] [18601-18610] [18611-18620] [18621-18630] [18631-18640] [18641-18650] [18651-18660] [18661-18670] [18671-18680] [18681-18690] [18691-18700] [18701-18710] [18711-18720] [18721-18730] [18731-18740] [18741-18750] [18751-18760] [18761-18770] [18771-18780] [18781-18790] [18791-18800] [18801-18810] [18811-18820] [18821-18830] [18831-18840] [18841-18850] [18851-18860] [18861-18870] [18871-18880] [18881-18890] [18891-18900] [18901-18910] [18911-18920] [18921-18930] [18931-18940] [18941-18950] [18951-18960] [18961-18970] [18971-18980] [18981-18990] [18991-19000] [19001-19010] [19011-19020] [19021-19030] [19031-19040] [19041-19050] [19051-19060] [19061-19070] [19071-19080] [19081-19090] [19091-19100] [19101-19110] [19111-19120] [19121-19130] [19131-19140] [19141-19150] [19151-19160] [19161-19170] [19171-19180] [19181-19190] [19191-19200] [19201-19210] [19211-19220] [19221-19230] [19231-19240] [19241-19250] [19251-19260] [19261-19270] [19271-19280] [19281-19290] [19291-19300] [19301-19310] [19311-19320] [19321-19330] [19331-19340] [19341-19350] 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15871

ОПЫТЪ ОБЛАСТНАГО ВЕЛИКОРУССКАГО СЛОВАРЯ, ИЗДАННАГО ВТОРЫМЪ ОТДЕЛЕНIЕМЪ ИМПЕРАТОРСКОЙ АКАДЕМIЕЙ НАУКЪ ВЪ 1852 Г.

2) Нижне–русское, или суздальское, окаетъ, не ставитъ и вмѣсто ѣ, не обращаетъ окончанiя родит. падежда аго, его въ аво, ево (?)

15872

3) Средне–русское нарѣчiе — продолжаетъ М. А. — обращаетъ о безъ ударенiя въ дебелое а; букву г въ латинское h, какъ и въ бѣло– и малорусскомъ; в остается мягкимъ, не произносится какъ ф; въ глаг. 3 л. вмѣсто тъ ставитъ ть; вмѣсто прибавочной части ся, употребляетъ си; вмѣсто о, въ глаголахъ, ы (мыю, крыю); но не дзѣкаетъ, чѣмъ отличается отъ нарѣчiя Бѣлорусовъ.

15873

Здѣсь должно сдѣлать слѣдующiя замѣчанiя: 1) Въ новгородскомъ нарѣчiи опущенiе тъ въ 3 л. глаголовъ не только не есть общее правило, но довольно рѣдкое, хотя и весьма замѣчательное исключенiе.

15874

Противъ самаго распредѣленiя этого можно только замѣтить, что здѣсь недостаетъ нарѣчiй: смоленскаго, сибирскаго, новороссiйскаго, донскаго; что названiя верхне–, средне– и нижнерусское сбивчивы и не совсѣмъ удобны. Впрочемъ, сибирское поименовано въ поднарѣчiяхъ, и, можетъ–быть, это правильнѣе.

15875

Обращаюсь къ изложенiю своего взгляда на великорусскiя нарѣчiя, который, впрочемъ, только дополняетъ болѣе или менѣе положенiя Н. И. Надеждина и М. А. Максимовича.

15876

Огромность пространства, на которомъ говорятъ русскимъ языкомъ, однообразiе его и постепенность оттѣнковъ въ нарѣчiяхъ къ предѣламъ Царства, заставили–было меня нѣкогда подозрѣвать въ дѣлѣ этомъ какой–либо общiй законъ: въ восточныхъ языкахъ господствуютъ гортанные звуки, гласныя а, о, у не такъ рѣзко одна отъ другой отличаются и нерѣдко обращаются въ полугласныя; въ западныхъ находимъ полнозвучiе гласныхъ, есть придыханiе (h), есть иногда и носовые звуки, жосткость согласныхъ смягчается; на сѣверѣ много жосткихъ и сиплыхъ согласныхъ буквъ, много растянутыхъ двугласныхъ (гласныхъ сложныхъ).

15877

Къ этому, казалось мнѣ, можно примѣнить и говоръ разныхъ концовъ Россiи; но это была мечта. Въ этомъ отношенiи можно только развѣ допустить, что пензенское и вятское уо вмѣсто о должно быть чудскаго происхожденiя; что тутъ и тамъ осталось въ оборотѣ нѣсколько словъ, принадлежащихъ языку обрусѣвшаго племени;

15878

но оговоримся и тутъ: вслушиваясь въ языки этихъ народовъ, напримѣръ въ корельскiй, мордовскiй, чувашскiй и проч., и прислушиваясь къ искаженному русскому говору тѣхъ изъ нихъ, которые еще не обрусѣли, не находишь почти никакой связи между этимъ обстоятельствомъ и мѣстнымъ русскимъ нарѣчiемъ.

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Такъ, напримѣръ, у Чувашъ нѣтъ мягкихъ б, г, д, ж, з ц, а вмѣсто изъ п, х, т, ш, с, ч; вмѣсто ѳ и ф — хв–, х; но хо́тны, то́пры, шиво́й, сола́, чаръ, Хвѐдоръ, Хилѝпъ (годный, добрый, живой, зола, царь, Ѳедоръ, Филипъ) говорятъ только плохо знающiе по–русски; обрусѣвшiе отстаютъ вовсе отъ этого произношенiя, вполнѣ принимая мѣстный говоръ.

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Поблизости Татаръ, Калмыковъ, Болгаръ, Грековъ, Армянъ и другихъ инородцевъ, даже около нѣмецкихъ переселенцевъ, русскiе переняли отъ нихъ нѣсколько словъ или оборотовъ; но это влiянiе довольно ничтожно.