Владимир Даль: Толковый словарь


Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ	Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ	Проект выполнен при поддержке РГНФ	Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»

Введите словоформу для поиска в текстах словарных статей Толкового словаря:

Выберите букву, с которой начинается слоформа:
А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И I К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ѣ Э Ю Я Ѳ Ѵ

Заголовок словарной статьи
Карточки
Конкордансы
Словарные статьи

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[11541-11550] [11551-11560] [11561-11570] [11571-11580] [11581-11590] [11591-11600] [11601-11610] [11611-11620] [11621-11630] [11631-11640] [11641-11650] [11651-11660] [11661-11670] [11671-11680] [11681-11690] [11691-11700] [11701-11710] [11711-11720] [11721-11730] [11731-11740] [11741-11750] [11751-11760] [11761-11770] [11771-11780] [11781-11790] [11791-11800] [11801-11810] [11811-11820] [11821-11830] [11831-11840] [11841-11850] [11851-11860] [11861-11870] [11871-11880] [11881-11890] [11891-11900] [11901-11910] [11911-11920] [11921-11930] [11931-11940] [11941-11950] [11951-11960] [11961-11970] [11971-11980] [11981-11990] [11991-12000] [12001-12010] [12011-12020] [12021-12030] [12031-12040] [12041-12050] [12051-12060] [12061-12070] [12071-12080] [12081-12090] [12091-12100] [12101-12110] [12111-12120] [12121-12130] [12131-12140] [12141-12150] [12151-12160] [12161-12170] [12171-12180] [12181-12190] [12191-12200] [12201-12210] [12211-12220] [12221-12230] [12231-12240] [12241-12250] [12251-12260] [12261-12270] [12271-12280] [12281-12290] [12291-12300] [12301-12310] [12311-12320] [12321-12330] [12331-12340] [12341-12350] [12351-12360] [12361-12370] [12371-12380] [12381-12390] [12391-12400] [12401-12410] [12411-12420] [12421-12430] [12431-12440] [12441-12450] [12451-12460] [12461-12470] [12471-12480] [12481-12490] [12491-12500] [12501-12510] [12511-12520] [12521-12530] [12531-12540] [12541-12550] [12551-12560] [12561-12570] [12571-12580] [12581-12590] [12591-12600] [12601-12610] [12611-12620] [12621-12630] [12631-12640] [12641-12650] [12651-12660] [12661-12670] [12671-12680] [12681-12690] [12691-12700] [12701-12710] [12711-12720] [12721-12730] [12731-12740] [12741-12750] [12751-12760] [12761-12770] [12771-12780] [12781-12790] [12791-12800] [12801-12810] [12811-12820] [12821-12830] [12831-12840] [12841-12850] [12851-12860] [12861-12870] [12871-12880] [12881-12890] [12891-12900] [12901-12910] [12911-12920] [12921-12930] [12931-12940] [12941-12950] [12951-12960] [12961-12970] [12971-12980] [12981-12990] [12991-13000] [13001-13010] [13011-13020] [13021-13030] [13031-13040] [13041-13050] [13051-13060] [13061-13070] [13071-13080] [13081-13090] [13091-13100] [13101-13110] [13111-13120] [13121-13130] [13131-13140] [13141-13150] [13151-13160] [13161-13170] [13171-13180] [13181-13190] [13191-13200] [13201-13210] [13211-13220] [13221-13230] [13231-13240] [13241-13250] [13251-13260] [13261-13270] [13271-13280] [13281-13290] [13291-13300] [13301-13310] [13311-13320] [13321-13330] [13331-13340] [13341-13350] [13351-13360] [13361-13370] [13371-13380] [13381-13390] [13391-13400] [13401-13410] [13411-13420] [13421-13430] [13431-13440] [13441-13450] [13451-13460] [13461-13470] [13471-13480] [13481-13490] [13491-13500] [13501-13510] [13511-13520] [13521-13530] [13531-13540] [13541-13550] [13551-13560] [13561-13570] [13571-13580] [13581-13590] [13591-13600] [13601-13610] [13611-13620] [13621-13630] [13631-13640] [13641-13650] [13651-13660] [13661-13670] [13671-13680] [13681-13690] [13691-13700] [13701-13710] [13711-13720] [13721-13730] [13731-13740] [13741-13750] [13751-13760] [13761-13770] [13771-13780] [13781-13790] [13791-13800] [13801-13810] [13811-13820] [13821-13830] [13831-13840] [13841-13850] [13851-13860] [13861-13870] [13871-13880] [13881-13890] [13891-13900] [13901-13910] [13911-13920] [13921-13930] [13931-13940] [13941-13950] [13951-13960] [13961-13970] [13971-13980] [13981-13990] [13991-14000] [14001-14010] [14011-14020] [14021-14030] [14031-14040] [14041-14050] [14051-14060] [14061-14070] [14071-14080] [14081-14090] [14091-14100] [14101-14110] [14111-14120] [14121-14130] [14131-14140] [14141-14150] [14151-14160] [14161-14170] [14171-14180] [14181-14190] [14191-14200] [14201-14210] [14211-14220] [14221-14230] [14231-14240] [14241-14250] [14251-14260] [14261-14270] [14271-14280] [14281-14290] [14291-14300] [14301-14310] [14311-14320] [14321-14330] [14331-14340] [14341-14350] [14351-14360] [14361-14370] [14371-14380] [14381-14390] [14391-14400] [14401-14410] [14411-14420] [14421-14430] [14431-14440] [14441-14450] [14451-14460] [14461-14470] [14471-14480] [14481-14490] [14491-14500] [14501-14510] [14511-14520] [14521-14530] [14531-14540] [14541-14550] [14551-14560] [14561-14570] [14571-14580] [14581-14590] [14591-14600] [14601-14610] [14611-14620] [14621-14630] [14631-14640] [14641-14650] [14651-14660] [14661-14670] [14671-14680] [14681-14690] [14691-14700] [14701-14710] [14711-14720] [14721-14730] [14731-14740] [14741-14750] [14751-14760] [14761-14770] [14771-14780] [14781-14790] [14791-14800] [14801-14810] [14811-14820] [14821-14830] [14831-14840] [14841-14850] [14851-14860] [14861-14870] [14871-14880] [14881-14890] [14891-14900] [14901-14910] [14911-14920] [14921-14930] [14931-14940] [14941-14950] [14951-14960] [14961-14970] [14971-14980] [14981-14990] [14991-15000] [15001-15010] [15011-15020] [15021-15030] [15031-15040] [15041-15050] [15051-15060] [15061-15070] [15071-15080] [15081-15090] [15091-15100] [15101-15110] [15111-15120] [15121-15130] [15131-15140] [15141-15150] [15151-15160] [15161-15170] [15171-15180] [15181-15190] [15191-15200] [15201-15210] [15211-15220] [15221-15230] [15231-15240] [15241-15250] [15251-15260] [15261-15270] [15271-15280] [15281-15290] [15291-15300] [15301-15310] [15311-15320] [15321-15330] [15331-15340] [15341-15350] [15351-15360] [15361-15370] [15371-15380] [15381-15390] [15391-15400] [15401-15410] [15411-15420] [15421-15430] [15431-15440] [15441-15450] [15451-15460] [15461-15470] [15471-15480] [15481-15490] [15491-15500] [15501-15510] [15511-15520] [15521-15530] [15531-15540] [15541-15550] [15551-15560] [15561-15570] [15571-15580] [15581-15590] [15591-15600] [15601-15610] [15611-15620] [15621-15630] [15631-15640] [15641-15650] [15651-15660] [15661-15670] [15671-15680] [15681-15690] [15691-15700] [15701-15710] [15711-15720] [15721-15730] [15731-15740] [15741-15750] [15751-15760] [15761-15770] [15771-15780] [15781-15790] [15791-15800] [15801-15810] [15811-15820] [15821-15830] [15831-15840] [15841-15850] [15851-15860] [15861-15870] [15871-15880] [15881-15890] [15891-15900] [15901-15910] [15911-15920] [15921-15930] [15931-15940] [15941-15950] [15951-15960] [15961-15970] [15971-15980] [15981-15990] [15991-16000] [16001-16010] [16011-16020] [16021-16030] [16031-16040] [16041-16050] [16051-16060] [16061-16070] [16071-16080] [16081-16090] [16091-16100] [16101-16110] [16111-16120] [16121-16130] [16131-16140] [16141-16150] [16151-16160] [16161-16170] [16171-16180] [16181-16190] [16191-16200] [16201-16210] [16211-16220] [16221-16230] [16231-16240] [16241-16250] [16251-16260] [16261-16270] [16271-16280] [16281-16290] [16291-16300] [16301-16310] [16311-16320] [16321-16330] [16331-16340] [16341-16350] [16351-16360] [16361-16370] [16371-16380] [16381-16390] [16391-16400] [16401-16410] [16411-16420] [16421-16430] [16431-16440] [16441-16450] [16451-16460] [16461-16470] [16471-16480] [16481-16490] [16491-16500] [16501-16510] [16511-16520] [16521-16530] [16531-16540] [16541-16550] [16551-16560] [16561-16570] [16571-16580] [16581-16590] [16591-16600] [16601-16610] [16611-16620] [16621-16630] [16631-16640] [16641-16650] [16651-16660] [16661-16670] [16671-16680] [16681-16690] [16691-16700] [16701-16710] [16711-16720] [16721-16730] [16731-16740] [16741-16750] [16751-16760] [16761-16770] [16771-16780] [16781-16790] [16791-16800] [16801-16810] [16811-16820] [16821-16830] [16831-16840] [16841-16850] [16851-16860] [16861-16870] [16871-16880] [16881-16890] [16891-16900] [16901-16910] [16911-16920] [16921-16930] [16931-16940] [16941-16950] [16951-16960] [16961-16970] [16971-16980] [16981-16990] [16991-17000] [17001-17010] [17011-17020] [17021-17030] [17031-17040] [17041-17050] [17051-17060] [17061-17070] [17071-17080] [17081-17090] [17091-17100] [17101-17110] [17111-17120] [17121-17130] [17131-17140] [17141-17150] [17151-17160] [17161-17170] [17171-17180] [17181-17190] [17191-17200] [17201-17210] [17211-17220] [17221-17230] [17231-17240] [17241-17250] [17251-17260] [17261-17270] [17271-17280] [17281-17290] [17291-17300] [17301-17310] [17311-17320] [17321-17330] [17331-17340] [17341-17350] [17351-17360] [17361-17370] [17371-17380] [17381-17390] [17391-17400] [17401-17410] [17411-17420] [17421-17430] [17431-17440] [17441-17450] [17451-17460] [17461-17470] [17471-17480] [17481-17490] [17491-17500] [17501-17510] [17511-17520] [17521-17530] [17531-17540] [17541-17550] [17551-17560] [17561-17570] [17571-17580] [17581-17590] [17591-17600] [17601-17610] [17611-17620] [17621-17630] [17631-17640] [17641-17650] [17651-17660] [17661-17670] [17671-17680] [17681-17690] [17691-17700] [17701-17710] [17711-17720] [17721-17730] [17731-17740] [17741-17750] [17751-17760] [17761-17770] [17771-17780] [17781-17790] [17791-17800] [17801-17810] [17811-17820] [17821-17830] [17831-17840] [17841-17850] [17851-17860] [17861-17870] [17871-17880] [17881-17890] [17891-17900] [17901-17910] [17911-17920] [17921-17930] [17931-17940] [17941-17950] [17951-17960] [17961-17970] [17971-17980] [17981-17990] [17991-18000] [18001-18010] [18011-18020] [18021-18030] [18031-18040] [18041-18050] [18051-18060] [18061-18070] [18071-18080] [18081-18090] [18091-18100] [18101-18110] [18111-18120] [18121-18130] [18131-18140] [18141-18150] [18151-18160] [18161-18170] [18171-18180] [18181-18190] [18191-18200] [18201-18210] [18211-18220] [18221-18230] [18231-18240] [18241-18250] [18251-18260] [18261-18270] [18271-18280] [18281-18290] [18291-18300] [18301-18310] [18311-18320] [18321-18330] [18331-18340] [18341-18350] [18351-18360] [18361-18370] [18371-18380] [18381-18390] [18391-18400] [18401-18410] [18411-18420] [18421-18430] [18431-18440] [18441-18450] [18451-18460] [18461-18470] [18471-18480] [18481-18490] [18491-18500] [18501-18510] [18511-18520] [18521-18530] [18531-18540] [18541-18550] [18551-18560] [18561-18570] [18571-18580] [18581-18590] [18591-18600] [18601-18610] [18611-18620] [18621-18630] [18631-18640] [18641-18650] [18651-18660] [18661-18670] [18671-18680] [18681-18690] [18691-18700] [18701-18710] [18711-18720] [18721-18730] [18731-18740] [18741-18750] [18751-18760] [18761-18770] [18771-18780] [18781-18790] [18791-18800] [18801-18810] [18811-18820] [18821-18830] [18831-18840] [18841-18850] [18851-18860] [18861-18870] [18871-18880] [18881-18890] [18891-18900] [18901-18910] [18911-18920] [18921-18930] [18931-18940] [18941-18950] [18951-18960] [18961-18970] [18971-18980] [18981-18990] [18991-19000] [19001-19010] [19011-19020] [19021-19030] [19031-19040] [19041-19050] [19051-19060] [19061-19070] [19071-19080] [19081-19090] [19091-19100] [19101-19110] [19111-19120] [19121-19130] [19131-19140] [19141-19150] [19151-19160] [19161-19170] [19171-19180] [19181-19190] [19191-19200] [19201-19210] [19211-19220] [19221-19230] [19231-19240] [19241-19250] [19251-19260] [19261-19270] [19271-19280] [19281-19290] [19291-19300] [19301-19310] [19311-19320] [19321-19330] [19331-19340] [19341-19350] [19351-19360] [19361-19370] [19371-19380] [19381-19390] [19391-19400] [19401-19410] [19411-19420] [19421-19430] [19431-19440] [19441-19450] [19451-19460] [19461-19470] [19471-19480] [19481-19490] [19491-19500] [19501-19510] [19511-19520] [19521-19530] [19531-19540] [19541-19550] [19551-19560] [19561-19570] [19571-19580] [19581-19590] [19591-19600] [19601-19610] [19611-19620] [19621-19630] [19631-19640] [19641-19650] [19651-19660] [19661-19670] [19671-19680] [19681-19690] [19691-19700] [19701-19710] [19711-19720] [19721-19730] [19731-19740] [19741-19750] [19751-19760] [19761-19770] [19771-19780] [19781-19790] [19791-19800] [19801-19810] [19811-19820] [19821-19822]

15891

ОПЫТЪ ОБЛАСТНАГО ВЕЛИКОРУССКАГО СЛОВАРЯ, ИЗДАННАГО ВТОРЫМЪ ОТДЕЛЕНIЕМЪ ИМПЕРАТОРСКОЙ АКАДЕМIЕЙ НАУКЪ ВЪ 1852 Г.

Возьми у насъ въ былое время Новгородъ, Псковъ или Суздаль перевѣсъ надъ Москвою, и нынѣшнiй московскiй языкъ слылъ бы мѣстнымъ нарѣчiемъ. Поэтому не было бы повода почитать московское нарѣчiе болѣе чистымъ и правильнымъ, чѣмъ мало– или бѣлорусское, если бы это нарѣчiе не обратилось въ языкъ правительства, письменности и просвѣщенiя.

15892

За самостоятельный, по развитiю и обращенiю, языкъ должно признать тотъ, у котораго есть своя грамота и письменность; за нарѣчiе — незначительное уклоненiе отъ него, безъ своей грамоты и письменности;

15893

говоръ — еще менѣе значительное уклоненiе, относящееся болѣе къ особенностямъ произношенiя и напѣву, по пословицѣ: что городъ, то норовъ, что деревня, то обычай; что дворъ, то говоръ.

15894

Выраженiя: молвь и рѣчь могутъ служить для обозначенiя поднарѣчiй: молвь отвѣчаетъ болѣе подчиненному понятiю нарѣчiя, а рѣчь ближе относится къ говору.

15895

Человѣкъ не можетъ писать одинаково хорошо или ровно на двухъ языкахъ: на это конечной и ограниченной природы его недостанетъ. Нѣтъ мысли, нѣтъ думы, нѣтъ понятiя безъ словъ; плотская природа наша не даетъ духовному началу въ насъ никакой власти безъ словесной рѣчи.

15896

А на какомъ языкѣ я мышлю, на томъ только я и могу писать; иначе это будетъ не подлинникъ, а переводъ. Вотъ почему всѣ мы дурно пишемъ по–русски: способности наши смолоду угнетены изученiемъ иностранныхъ языковъ;

15897

насъ заставляютъ говорить на нихъ отъ колыбели; въ–послѣдствiи мы читаемъ болѣе книгъ иностранныхъ — за что, конечно, пенять нельзя — но такимъ–образомъ, отставъ отъ одного берега и не приставъ къ другому, мы незамѣтно пригнетаемъ умственныя способности свои и дѣлаемся тупѣе, не будучи въ силахъ ни ясно выразиться, ни ясно мыслить. _

15898

Обращаюсь къ распредѣленiю нарѣчiй. На распутiи промежь Ростова, Новгорода, Твери, Владимiра, Суздаля, Рязани, Курска, Смоленска и другихъ городовъ, на рѣчкѣ, носившей чудское названiе мягкой воды, основалась Москва, на два–девяносто верстъ отъ ближайшихъ къ ней древнихъ столицъ, и она же соединила ихъ подъ свою державу.

15899

На этомъ общемъ распутiи столкнулись нарѣчiя, или говоры четырехъ странъ, и тутъ образовался свой говоръ, принятый нынѣ какъ образцовый, хотя даже и Москвичи не остались безъ присловья: Съ Масквы́, съ паса́да, съ авашно́ва ря́да.

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Московскимъ нарѣчiемъ говоритъ самая небольшая часть народа, почти только въ стѣнахъ Москвы; но это языкъ письменный и правительственный и языкъ высшаго, а отчасти и средняго сословiя, языкъ всѣхъ образованныхъ русскихъ, московскаго дворянства и купечества.