Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ
 Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ
 Российский гуманитарный научный фонд
 Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»
Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ Проект выполнен при поддержке РГНФ Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»
 
Толковый словарь Владимира Даля
Введите словоформу для поиска в текстах словарных статей Толкового словаря:
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А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И I К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ѣ Э Ю Я Ѳ Ѵ
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431

БИТВА ПРИ АФОНСКОЙ ГОРЕ.

Другой корабль и два фрегата вошли въ Афонскiй заливъ; адмиралъ Грейгъ съ тремя кораблями пошелъ за ними, но турки набѣжали на–берегъ и зажгли суда свои. На другой день капуданъ–паша сжегъ еще корабль и фрегатъ у острова Тассо, которые не могли за нимъ слѣдовать и достались бы намъ, и два ихъ фрегата потонули у острова Самондраки.

432

МАТКА.

Не мудрено коли церковь, если глядишь на нее издали, уходитъ на половину въ землю: ее покрыло горой или пригоркомъ и низу невидать. Но мудрено то, отчего на морѣ, гдѣ ни горъ, ни пригорковъ нѣтъ, рангоутъ корабля показывается тебѣ напередъ, а корпусъ бываетъ закрытъ; подойди ближе, и мало по малу откроется корпусъ.

433

МАТКА.

Коли нѣтъ, то стало быть ты глядѣлъ, да не видѣлъ, а дѣло такъ, какъ я говорю. Почему же ты завсегда видишь кругъ? Потому что земля кругла, какъ шаръ, такъ она кругла повсюду, откуда ни гляди. Гдѣ ни стань пальцемъ на ядрѣ, а другимъ, какъ вилкой, обводи — вездѣ выйдетъ кругъ.

434

МАТКА.

Возми какую хочешь вещь, кромѣ ядра, да поставь отъ свѣту супротивъ стѣны и ворочай, тѣнь не будетъ кругла; а возми ядро — тѣнь всегда будетъ кругъ. А кто изъ васъ хаживалъ въ дальнiе походы, того ужъ нечего учить: обошедши землю вокругъ, да не споткнувшись нигдѣ на порогѣ, не видавъ ни грани, ни перевалу съ лица на изнанку, поневолѣ скажешь, что земля кругла.

435

МАТКА.

Шаръ земной, пущенный изъ рукъ Создателя, несется покатомъ вкругъ солнца. Проткни яблоко на сквозь гвоздемъ, обороти его бокомъ къ свѣчѣ, которая будетъ солнцемъ, и оборачивай яблоко, повертывая гвоздь между пальцевъ все въ одну сторону: вотъ какъ бѣжитъ и оборачивается земля. Гвоздемъ земля не проткнута; но поперечникъ, на которомъ вертится она, называется осью; оба конца его — гдѣ воткнутъ и выткнутъ гвоздь — полюсами, а поясъ по самой срединѣ земли, по которому она будто катится — равноденственнымъ кругомъ.

436

МАТКА.

Широта и долгота нужны, чтобы обозначить точку на шарѣ, гдѣ мѣсто это стоитъ. Такъ напримѣръ, широта полюса будетъ ровно четверть–круга, а долготы не будетъ, ни какой. На экваторѣ, на оборотъ, по всему кругу, широты не будетъ никакой, потому что широту начинаютъ мѣрить и считать отъ самаго равноденственнаго круга (экватора); долгота же какого–нибудь мѣста на экваторѣ будетъ такая, на сколько мѣсто это удалено отъ той точки на экваторѣ, которую условились признавать началомъ этого счета.

437

МАТКА.

Если бы провести по землѣ черту, отъ самого пупа черезъ то мѣсто, гдѣ мы стоимъ и до экватора, то эта черта называется полуденникомъ (или меридiаномъ). Полуденникъ онъ потому, что когда солнце стоитъ супротивъ этой черты, то у насъ бываетъ полдень. Выше полуденника солнце не подымается; оно, при оборотѣ земли, будто само вскатывается до полуденника, а тамъ опять скатывается ниже, къ заходу или западу.

438

МАТКА.

Мы, на глыбѣ своей, на землѣ, оборачиваясь вокругъ, не видимъ этого, хоть и смотримъ; намъ показывается, будто солнце ходитъ вокругъ земли, будто оно всходитъ и заходитъ. Это все одно: хоть сову о пень, хоть пень объ сову. Ты ли понесешься на пароходѣ вдоль берега — берегъ ли побѣжалъ бы полосой мимо тебя — для глазъ одно.

439

МАТКА.

Изъ этого видно, что сѣверъ и югъ не мудрено найти, потому что это концы оси, концы поперечника, вкругъ котораго земля вертится. Но гдѣ на землѣ востокъ и западъ? Сѣверъ и югъ для всѣхъ одинъ; иди все на сѣверъ, и коли дошолъ бы за непроходимыми льдами, такъ могъ бы стать на самомъ полюсѣ и указать: вотъ гдѣ сѣверъ. Тоже можно сказать о югѣ.

440

МАТКА.

Но гдѣ востокъ и гдѣ западъ? Иди по экватору на востокъ, все на востокъ — и обойдешь вокругъ, придешь опять на старое мѣсто, а востока не увидишь. Это потому, что востокомъ называемъ мы не мѣсто на землѣ, а ту сторону гдѣ восходитъ солнце — восходъ; западомъ же ту, гдѣ солнце западаетъ, заходитъ.

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