Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ
 Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ
 Российский гуманитарный научный фонд
 Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»
Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ Проект выполнен при поддержке РГНФ Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»
 
Толковый словарь Владимира Даля
Введите словоформу для поиска в текстах словарных статей Толкового словаря:
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А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И I К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ѣ Э Ю Я Ѳ Ѵ
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451

МАТКА.

Единъ Богъ безъ грѣха. Кто Богу не грѣшенъ, царю не виноватъ? И праведникъ седмижды въ день согрѣшаетъ; но прегрѣшенiе невольное кающемуся отпускается, а грѣшникъ закоснѣлый — чорту баранъ. Давидски согрѣшаемъ, да не Давидски каемся; хотя и первый человѣкъ грѣха не миновалъ, и послѣднiй не избудетъ его, но одинаково уготовано всякому и спасенiе и кара кромѣшная, не столько по грѣхамъ его, сколько по скорому и чистому раскаянiю.

452

МАТКА.

Тогда–то говорится, что повинную голову и мечь не сѣчетъ; гдѣ гнѣвъ, тамъ и милость. А коли повинился и прощенъ, такъ помни: каяться кайся, да опять за тоже не принимайся, не говори: прости, Господи, прошлые грѣхи — да и на предки тожъ, — чтобы не было и съ тобой, какъ было, сказываютъ, съ дятломъ: какъ свѣтъ, такъ онъ принимается стучать носомъ по пнямъ и дупламъ — къ вечеру головушку разломитъ, а онъ покаится и зарокъ положитъ: больше не стану; а какъ утро настало — такъ опять за тоже!

453

МАТКА.

Виноватъ, да повиненъ — ни людямъ, ни Богу не противенъ; кто самъ себя называетъ должникомъ, тотъ хочетъ заплатить долгъ. Виноватый въ винѣ, правый въ правдѣ — а всякому грѣху покаянiе, держи голову уклонну, а сердце покорно; бей челомъ ниже: до неба высоко, до земли ближе!

454

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Отчего судно плаваетъ по водѣ? оттого, что оно легче воды; оно сядетъ въ воду на столько, чтобы выдавить подъ собою свой вѣсъ воды, а тамъ и устоится; больше ему грузнуть не отчего. Желѣзо много тяжеле воды, у насъ и пословица говоритъ: пошолъ кодну какъ ключъ; плаваетъ по топорному; но пусти на воду посудину изъ листоваго желѣза — и она поплыветъ.

455

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Почему? — Да потому, что объемъ великъ; такой кузовокъ будетъ грузнуть въ воду, по колѣ не выдавитъ подъ собой столько воды, сколько въ немъ самомъ вѣсу, а потомъ и станетъ. А полоса желѣза отчего тонетъ? Оттого, что сколько бы она ни погружалась, въ ней не прибудетъ объема, а объемъ этотъ малъ, тѣсенъ, не можетъ занять въ водѣ столько мѣста, сколько самъ вѣситъ — желѣзо тяжеле воды.

456

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Но изъ желѣзныхъ листовъ можно дѣлать и мореходныя суда и дѣлаютъ, какъ вы знаете, пароходы. И человѣкъ тонетъ въ водѣ, а коли подвяжетъ пары двѣ бычачьихъ, надутыхъ воздухомъ пузырей — такъ дѣлается весь и съ пузырями, легче воды, и не тонетъ. Пузыри вѣсу прибавляютъ мало, а объему много: вотъ почему они и не даютъ тонуть.

457

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Воздухъ та же вода, мы въ немъ плаваемъ, какъ рыба въ водѣ да только мы гораздо тяжеле воздуха, который много сотъ кратъ рѣже и легче воды. У рыбы есть плавной пузырь, она его то надуваетъ, то сжимаетъ, и сколько ей нужно воздуха, чтобы не быть тяжеле воды, столько держитъ его; коли хочетъ итти на дно, сжимаетъ въ себѣ пузырь этотъ, умаляя и все тѣло свое; коли хочетъ всплыть — распускаетъ или раздуваетъ пузырь, и все тѣло ея дѣлается толще.

458

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

А чтобы не улетѣть вовсе, въ нескончаемое поднебесье, то есть и на это стопоръ: воздухъ нашъ упругъ, какъ пуховая подушка — что больше гнести его, то тѣснѣе сляжется; по этому нижнiе слои воздуха, на которыхъ лежатъ верхнiе, гораздо гуще — и чѣмъ выше подыматься, тѣмъ воздухъ жиже.

459

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

По этому человѣкъ съ плавнымъ пузыремъ, кабы такой нашелся, поднявшись отъ земли, по легкости своей, будетъ подыматься до тѣхъ поръ, поколѣ не придетъ въ равновѣсiе, т. е. въ такой слой, который легче нижняго слоя и гдѣ поднявшаяся тяжесть, по объему своему, можетъ устояться.

460

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Но въ человѣкѣ нѣтъ такого пузыря, его не раздуешь. Надо придѣлать пузырь этотъ къ нему снаружи; все одно. А чѣмъ его надуть? — Что у насъ есть легче воздуха? — Кажется нѣтъ ничего! Богъ далъ человѣку такой разумъ, такую смѣтку, что человѣкъ до всего добирается.

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