Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ
 Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ
 Российский гуманитарный научный фонд
 Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»
Кафедра прикладной математики и кибернетики ПетрГУ Кафедра русской литературы ПетрГУ Проект выполнен при поддержке РГНФ Проект «Электронный словарь языка В. И. Даля»
 
Толковый словарь Владимира Даля
Введите словоформу для поиска в текстах словарных статей Толкового словаря:
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А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И I К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ѣ Э Ю Я Ѳ Ѵ
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461

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Попытайтесь сдѣлать вотъ что: возмите простой бычачiй пузырь, смятый, какъ есть, завяжите его туго–на–туго, размочите, чтобы онъ сталъ погибче, а потомъ согрѣйте его осторожно, — на огнѣ, либо въ печи: какъ только воздухъ въ немъ — хоть его и очень не много — согрѣется, такъ онъ станетъ расплываться, расширяться, пузырь надуется и сдѣлается полнымъ, словно набитымъ; какъ остынетъ онъ, такъ воздухъ опять съежится и пузырь по прежнему ляжетъ въ складки, опадетъ.

462

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Но есть еще и другой способъ, другой родъ воздушныхъ шаровъ: если на желѣзные опилки налить воды и купоросной кислоты, то отъ этого состава пойдутъ пузыри; но пузыри эти не изъ такогожъ воздуха какъ тотъ, которымъ мы дышемъ; пузыри эти, если поднести къ нимъ огня, какъ только выйдутъ изъ подъ воды, загораются и хлопаютъ;

463

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

стало быть это воздухъ, да другой; нашъ не горитъ, а это горючiй. Горючiй воздухъ въ десять или пятнадцать кратъ легче нашего воздуха, а потому коли имъ надуть такой же легкiй шаръ, пузыремъ, и подвязать къ шару легонькiй челночекъ, то человѣку можно на немъ подняться.

464

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Не болѣе 80 лѣтъ, какъ люди стали пускаться въ воздушныхъ шарахъ на полеты; много смѣльчаковъ погибло за этими попытками; иной съ шаромъ своимъ упалъ въ море; другой, по не осторожности, вдругъ выпустилъ изъ шара воздухъ и упалъ пластомъ изъ–подъ облаковъ на землю; случалось и то, что шаръ на воздухѣ загорался.

465

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Но человѣкъ смѣлъ: счастливый къ обѣду, роковой подъ обухъ. Всякъ надѣется на счастье, всякъ надѣется миновать роковаго обуха, и понынѣ еще много людей, то тутъ, то тамъ, пускаются на воздушныхъ шарахъ по воздуху. Счастливый имъ путь! Но управлять воздушными шарами доселѣ не умѣютъ.

466

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

И мудрено: во первыхъ потому, что воздухъ жидокъ, на лету судно ни руля, ни даже веселъ не слушается; говорятъ: на водѣ ноги жидки — а ужъ на воздухѣ и подавно; во вторыхъ и потому, что весь шаръ со всѣмъ приборомъ сноситъ вѣтромъ, а противъ вѣтра управлять нельзя ни чѣмъ. По этому воздухоплаватели и пускаются всегда только съ попутнымъ вѣтромъ.

467

ВОЗДУШНЫЙ ШАРЪ.

Толщина или высота всего слоя воздушнаго вкругъ шара земнаго гораздо менѣе ста верстъ, этотъ слой воздуха, съ облаками своими и называется атмосферой. Воздухоплаватели не подымались выше шести верстъ отъ земли, чѣмъ выше, тѣмъ морознѣе и тѣмъ воздухъ рѣже; такъ что тамъ тяжело дышать и даже иногда кровь идетъ ртомъ и носомъ.

468

СПАСЕНIЕ ИЗЪ ПОЛОНУ.

Сказано, сдѣлано. Шведы не успѣли опомниться, ничего не ожидая, какъ вдругъ всѣ были схвачены и перевязаны. Князь Яковъ Ѳедоровичъ самъ бросился на шкипера и, приставивъ ему ножъ къ груди, закричалъ: Если хочешь быть живъ, то вези насъ домой — въ Кронштадтъ или Ревель!

469

СПАСЕНIЕ ИЗЪ ПОЛОНУ.

Шкиперу надо было повиноваться, хотя дѣло было не совсѣмъ легко исполнить. Шкуна эта назначена была только для береговаго плаванiя и на ней не было ни картъ, ни свѣдущаго или бывалаго морехода. Но Богъ пособилъ нашимъ; дошедши благополучно до острова Дакто, князь Долгорукiй разсудилъ отпустить шведовъ, кромѣ одного только шкипера, и оттуда отправился и прибылъ 19–го iюня 1711 года на плѣнной шкунѣ въ Ревель.

470

НАХЛОБУЧКА.

Нахлобучка. Давно уже въ 1785 году случилось на Каспiйскомъ морѣ дивное дѣло: есть тамъ портъ Зензели, въ который входятъ суда выгрузившись вовсе, потому что на барѣ или перекатѣ всего не болѣе 5 футовъ воды. Рейдъ открытъ кругомъ, кромѣ запада, и потому входъ въ него съ разгрузкой всегда очень опасенъ.

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